Fracaso renal agudo secundario a aciclovir / Aciclovir-induced acute kidney injury

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Incidencia, factores relacionados con la presentación, evolución y mortalidad de la acidosis láctica asociada a metformina en el área sanitaria de un hospital de tercer nivel / Incidence, factors related to presentation, course and mortality of metformin-associated lactic acidosis in the healthcare area of a tertiary hospital

Objetivos: Conocer la incidencia de casos de acidosis láctica por metformina durante el periodo enero de 2014 y marzo de 2017 en el Área Sanitaria III de Aragón. Analizar los factores clínicos y analíticos asociados y la mortalidad. Resultados: Treinta y un casos (61,3% varones). Incidencia: 79,76 casos/100000 pacientes-año; edad media 75,39 ± 9,34 años; 23 de ellos con niveles séricos de metformina (21,91 ± 15,52 mcg / mL); miligramos/día de metformina ingeridos: 1790,32 ± 499; 96,8% de casos en el contexto de fracaso renal agudo; 11 casos con antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica (35,5%); 12 requirieron UCI (38,7%); 13 requirieron tratamiento depurador (41,9%; 3 hemodiafiltración, 10 hemodiálisis) Existió correlación significativa entre: miligramos diarios ingeridos de metformina y niveles del fármaco; niveles de metformina y: creatinina pico, pH y lactato. La mortalidad fue del 25,8%. Solo hubo diferencias significativas entre los fallecidos y los supervivientes respecto a la duración de la estancia y la creatinina final. La regresión logística multivariante no detectó ninguna variable del estudio asociada con la mortalidad. Conclusiones: La incidencia en nuestra área sanitaria es más elevada que en otras series, con 25,8% de mortalidad. Prácticamente todos los casos en el contexto de fracaso renal agudo de origen prerrenal. En un 29% de los casos hubo sobredosificación. Es necesario advertir a los pacientes de las situaciones más frecuentes potencialmente inductoras de acidosis láctica, especialmente la deshidratación, si siguen tomando el fármaco durante las mismas

Objectives: To determine the incidence of metformin-induced lactic acidosis during the period January 2014 to March 2017 in Aragon Healthcare Area III. To analyse the associated clinical and analytical factors and mortality. Results: A total of 31 cases (61.3% males). Incidence: 79.76 cases/100,000 patients-year; mean age 75.39±9.34 years; 23 of them with levels of serum metformin (21.91 ± 15.52 mcg/ ml); milligrams/day of metformin ingested: 1790.32 ± 499; 96.8% of cases in the context of acute kidney failure; 11 cases with a history of chronic kidney disease (35.5%); 12 required intensive care (38.7%); 13 required purification treatment (41.9%; 3 haemodiafiltration, 10 haemodialysis). There was a significant correlation between daily milligrams of metformin ingested and drug levels; levels of metformin; and peak creatinine, pH and lactate. Mortality was 25.8%. There were only significant differences between the deceased and survivors regarding the duration of stay and final creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression did not detect any study variables associated with mortality. Conclusions: The incidence in our healthcare area is higher than in other series, with a 25.8% mortality rate. Virtually all cases were in the context of prerenal acute kidney failure. In 29% of cases, there was an overdose. Patients must be warned about the most common lactic acidosis-inducing situations, especially dehydration, if they continue taking the drug at such times

Incidence, factors related to presentation, course and mortality of metformin-associated lactic acidosis in the healthcare area of a tertiary hospital. / Incidencia, factores relacionados con la presentación, evolución y mortalidad de la acidosis láctica asociada a metformina en el área sanitaria de un hospital de tercer nivel.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of metformin-induced lactic acidosis during the period January 2014 to March 2017 in Aragon Healthcare Area III. To analyse the associated clinical and analytical factors and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 31 cases (61.3% males). Incidence: 79.76 cases/100,000 patients-year; mean age 75.39±9.34 years; 23 of them with levels of serum metformin (21.91±15.52 mcg/ ml); milligrams/day of metformin ingested: 1790.32±499; 96.8% of cases in the context of acute kidney failure; 11 cases with a history of chronic kidney disease (35.5%); 12 required intensive care (38.7%); 13 required purification treatment (41.9%; 3 haemodiafiltration, 10 haemodialysis). There was a significant correlation between daily milligrams of metformin ingested and drug levels; levels of metformin; and peak creatinine, pH and lactate. Mortality was 25.8%. There were only significant differences between the deceased and survivors regarding the duration of stay and final creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression did not detect any study variables associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence in our healthcare area is higher than in other series, with a 25.8% mortality rate. Virtually all cases were in the context of prerenal acute kidney failure. In 29% of cases, there was an overdose. Patients must be warned about the most common lactic acidosis-inducing situations, especially dehydration, if they continue taking the drug at such times.

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in Andalusian families: a genetic population study.

BACKGROUND: The BRCA1/2 mutation profile varies in Spain according to the geographical area studied. The mutational profile of BRCA1/2 in families at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer has not so far been reported in Andalusia (southern Spain). METHODS: We analysed BRCA1/2 germline mutations in 562 high-risk cases with breast and/or ovarian cancer from Andalusian families from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: Among the 562 cases, 120 (21.4%) carried a germline pathogenic mutation in BRCA1/2; 50 in BRCA1 (41.7%) and 70 in BRCA2 (58.3%). We detected 67 distinct mutations (29 in BRCA1 and 38 in BRCA2), of which 3 in BRCA1 (c.845C > A, c.1222_1223delAC, c.2527delA) and 5 in BRCA2 (c.293 T > G, c.5558_5559delGT, c.6034delT, c.6650_6654delAAGAT, c.6652delG) had not been previously described. The most frequent mutations in BRCA1 were c.5078_5080delCTG (10%) and c.5123C > A (10%), and in BRCA2 they were c.9018C > A (14%) and c.5720_5723delCTCT (8%). We identified 5 variants of unknown significance (VUS), all in BRCA2 (c.5836 T > C, c.6323G > T, c.9501 + 3A > T, c.8022_8030delGATAATGGA, c.10186A > C). We detected 76 polymorphisms (31 in BRCA1, 45 in BRCA2) not associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study reporting the mutational profile of BRCA1/2 in Andalusia. We identified 21.4% of patients harbouring BRCA1/2 mutations, 58.3% of them in BRCA2. We also characterized the clinical data, mutational profile, VUS and haplotype profile.

Fracaso renal agudo secundario a rabdomiólisis por estatinas en una paciente nonagenaria. Lecciones a tener en cuenta / Acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis in a nonagenarian patient taking statins. Lessons to be considered

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Infarto renal completo / Entire renal infarct

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Enfermedad renal crónica y acromegalia: cuando las apariencias engañan / Chronic kidney disease and acromegaly: when appearances are deceptive

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Multiple cystic disease: K17 dysfunction?

Our patient is a 29-year-old woman without any previous disease who presented with different kinds of lesions on her face, neck, and chest. She first noticed the lesions 10 years ago and, since that time, they have become more numerous. She has no affected relatives. On physical examination, she had multiple cystic lesions on her neck, chest, and vulva, which were between 0.3 cm and 1 cm and skin-colored or yellowish (Figure 1). She presented with small, white papules on her face measuring approximately 0.2 cm, localized on her forehead and cheeks. Some of these papules had a blueish appearance (Figure 2). She also presented clinically typical eruptive syringomas on her upper and lower eyelids and neck and multiple facial milia. Finally, a sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst was diagnosed and surgically removed. Her nails and teeth were clinically normal. Biopsies of each kind of lesion were performed, with the following results: (1) neck cystic lesion: steatocystoma; (2) small, white facial papule: eccrine hidrocystoma; (3) blueish facial papule: apocrine hidrocystoma; and (4) small neck papule: syringoma (Figure 3). With these findings, our diagnosis was steatocystoma multiplex with multiple eccrine and apocrine hidrocystomas, eruptive syringomas, and sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst.

Evolución de un caso de arteritis de células gigantes sin tratamiento / No disponible

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Insuficiencia renal oculta y prescripción de fármacos en atención primaria / Occult renal disease and drug prescription in primary care

ObjetivoAnalizar, en pacientes ancianos, la prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) (filtrado glomerular [FG]<60ml/min/1,73m2) e insuficiencia renal oculta (IRO) (coexistencia de creatinina sérica normal y FG<60), para ello se estudia, en este último grupo, la prescripción farmacéutica en atención primaria.DiseñoEstudio retrospectivo observacional.EmplazamientoCuatro centros de salud de la provincia de Huesca.Participantes4.014 pacientes mayores de 65 años seleccionados aleatoriamente.Mediciones principalesSe estimó el FG con la fórmula MDRD abreviada. Se registraron los fármacos potencialmente perjudiciales prescritos de modo agudo o crónico a los pacientes con IRO durante 12 meses.ResultadosTras las exclusiones, en 3.286 pacientes se estimó el FG (1.424 varones de 75,49±6,6 años y 1.862 mujeres de 76,29±7,04 años; p=0,001). El 21,2% de los pacientes presentaba IRC y el 10,1%, IRO (el 12,8% de las mujeres y el 6,44% de los varones). En los pacientes con IRO la media de principios activos prescritos por paciente/año fue 10,69±5,92 (varones, 9,55±5,57, y mujeres, 11,11±6; p=0,05). Un número considerable recibió tratamiento con fármacos potencialmente perjudiciales dada su función renal. Destacan los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos con 165 (61,34%) casos. El 72,5% estuvo expuesto a fármacos que pueden favorecer la hiperpotasemia.ConclusionesLa estimación del FG en los informes de los laboratorios clínicos puede contribuir a evitar el posible efecto iatrogénico derivado de una prescripción inadecuada de fármacos(AU)

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60ml/min/1.73m2] and occult kidney disease (OKD) (normal serum creatinine values with GFR <60) in elderly patients.DesignRetrospective, observational study.SettingFour primary care centres in the province of Huesca, Spain.ParticipantsAbout 4014 patients older than 65 years were randomly selected.Main measurementsGFR was calculated for all subjects using the four-variable modified MDRD equation. We registered all drugs prescriptions to the patients during a period of twelve months focusing on the potential nephrotoxic drugs.ResultsAfter exclusions, GFR was estimated in 3286 patients (1424 men of 75.49±6.6 years and 1862 women of 76.29±7.04 years; P=.001). The prevalence of CKD was 21.2%. A total of 10.1% of patients (12.8% of women and 6.44% of men) had OKD. We recorded the complete drug prescription in 269 patientes. Mean of all different drugs that were prescribed by patient-year was 10.69±5.92 (men 9.55±5.57 and women 11.11±6; P=.05)]. A large number of patients were treated with potentially dangerous drugs, particularly the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with 165 cases (61.34%), and 72% were exposed to drugs that can lead to hyperkalaemia.ConclusionsWe conclude that GFR estimation by clinical laboratories in the setting of primary care can contribute to prevent the adverse effects of inappropriate drug prescriptions(AU)

[Occult renal disease and drug prescription in primary care]. / Insuficiencia renal oculta y prescripción de fármacos en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60ml/min/1.73m(2)] and occult kidney disease (OKD) (normal serum creatinine values with GFR <60) in elderly patients. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Four primary care centres in the province of Huesca, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: About 4014 patients older than 65 years were randomly selected. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: GFR was calculated for all subjects using the four-variable modified MDRD equation. We registered all drugs prescriptions to the patients during a period of twelve months focusing on the potential nephrotoxic drugs. RESULTS: After exclusions, GFR was estimated in 3286 patients (1424 men of 75.49+/-6.6 years and 1862 women of 76.29+/-7.04 years; P=.001). The prevalence of CKD was 21.2%. A total of 10.1% of patients (12.8% of women and 6.44% of men) had OKD. We recorded the complete drug prescription in 269 patients. Mean of all different drugs that were prescribed by patient-year was 10.69+/-5.92 (men 9.55+/-5.57 and women 11.11+/-6; P=.05)]. A large number of patients were treated with potentially dangerous drugs, particularly the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with 165 cases (61.34%), and 72% were exposed to drugs that can lead to hyperkalaemia. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that GFR estimation by clinical laboratories in the setting of primary care can contribute to prevent the adverse effects of inappropriate drug prescriptions.

La derivación temprana al nefrólogo mejora los resultados a largo plazo en la enfermedad renal crónica / Early referral to nephrologists of patients with chronic kidney disease: an opportunity to improve the outcome

La enfermedad renal crónica es una patología creciente en todo el mundo y cada vez es mayor la prevalencia de pacientes en diálisis, lo que ocasiona un costo muy elevado. En los últimos años han cobrado relevancia los adecuados cuidados en la etapa prediálisis. Para ello es fundamental detectar la enfermedad en sus primeras fases, lo que puede permitir adoptar las medidas necesarias para su tratamiento o, en su caso, retrasar su progresión y prevenir las complicaciones asociadas. A pesar de todo siguen siendo muchos los pacientes que son vistos por primera vez por un especialista en nefrología en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad como consecuencia de su derivación tardía. Los factores que ocasionan este fenómeno son numerosos e implican tanto a los médicos, como a los pacientes y al sistema sanitario. Las consecuencias negativas de la derivación tardía ya han sido demostradas en cuanto a morbilidad, mortalidad y costos, pero todavía no está demostrado cuál es el mejor momento de iniciar la diálisis en función del filtrado glomerular. Es imprescindible la elaboración y difusión de guías clínicas junto con la colaboración entre nefrólogos y médicos generales para disminuir el impacto de la derivación tardía.

La derivación temprana al nefrólogo mejora los resultados a largo plazo en la enfermedad renal crónica / Early referral to nephrologists of patients with chronic kidney disease: an opportunity to improve the outcome

La enfermedad renal crónica es una patología creciente en todo el mundo y cada vez es mayor la prevalencia de pacientes en diálisis, lo que ocasiona un costo muy elevado. En los últimos años han cobrado relevancia los adecuados cuidados en la etapa prediálisis. Para ello es fundamental detectar la enfermedad en sus primeras fases, lo que puede permitir adoptar las medidas necesarias para su tratamiento o, en su caso, retrasar su progresión y prevenir las complicaciones asociadas. A pesar de todo siguen siendo muchos los pacientes que son vistos por primera vez por un especialista en nefrología en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad como consecuencia de su derivación tardía. Los factores que ocasionan este fenómeno son numerosos e implican tanto a los médicos, como a los pacientes y al sistema sanitario. Las consecuencias negativas de la derivación tardía ya han sido demostradas en cuanto a morbilidad, mortalidad y costos, pero todavía no está demostrado cuál es el mejor momento de iniciar la diálisis en función del filtrado glomerular. Es imprescindible la elaboración y difusión de guías clínicas junto con la colaboración entre nefrólogos y médicos generales para disminuir el impacto de la derivación tardía.(AU)